What is a dependent variable?

A dependent variable is defined as the outcome that researchers aim to explain or predict in an experiment or study. It is the variable that is measured and observed to determine how it is affected by changes in other variables, particularly the independent variable. In the context of research, the dependent variable reflects the effects of manipulations or influences imposed by the researcher.

This understanding is crucial for interpreting research findings, as it allows one to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. When the independent variable changes, the dependent variable's response is monitored to assess the impact of that change. This relationship is fundamental to experimental design and hypothesis testing in sociology and other sciences.