What does 'social capital' refer to?

Social capital refers to the value derived from the relationships, networks, and social connections that individuals possess. It encompasses the information, knowledge, and resources that are accessible through these social interactions. When individuals have strong social networks, they often gain access to opportunities and support that can benefit them in various aspects of life, such as finding jobs, obtaining resources, or gaining social mobility.

In sociology, social capital is considered crucial because it can enhance collective action, community involvement, and overall social cohesion. Individuals with rich social networks can tap into the collective knowledge and resources of their connections, leading to mutual benefits and stronger communal ties.

Understanding social capital also highlights why some individuals or groups may have advantages over others based on their social networks, rather than solely on economic or educational factors. This concept emphasizes the importance of relationships and social dynamics in shaping individuals' experiences and opportunities within society.