What does functionalism assert about social institutions?

Functionalism is a sociological perspective that emphasizes the role of each part of society in maintaining the stability and functionality of the whole system. It posits that social institutions—such as family, education, religion, and the economy—perform essential functions that contribute to the overall health and order of society. According to this theory, each institution fulfills specific needs, which ultimately helps in sustaining social cohesion and facilitating social order.

For example, the education system socializes children into the norms and values of society, fostering a sense of belonging and community. Similarly, the family structure provides emotional support and socialization of new generations. By highlighting these functions, functionalism asserts that social institutions are crucial for maintaining the smooth operation of society, rather than obstructing change or being mere reflections of individual actions or conflict.