What does a hypothesis represent in research?

A hypothesis represents a proposed relationship between two variables, serving as a foundational element in research. It is an educated guess or prediction that stems from theory, prior research, or existing knowledge. By articulating what the researcher expects to find, a hypothesis guides the research design and methodology, allowing for testing and evaluation through experimentation or observation. This proposed relationship is crucial, as it sets the stage for data collection and analysis, helping researchers determine whether their expectations are supported by empirical evidence.

In contrast, the other options represent concepts that do not align with the definition of a hypothesis. A definitive conclusion implies a certainty that is usually reached after studying data, not before. A method of data collection refers to the techniques and instruments used to gather information, rather than the predictions about relationships. Lastly, a fixed outcome of an experiment suggests an inflexible end result, which contradicts the exploratory nature of a hypothesis that allows room for results to either support or refute the initial assertion.