Labeling theory posits that the way individuals are perceived and labeled by others significantly influences their self-identity and behavior. This theory, rooted in sociology, suggests that when people are labeled in certain ways—such as being viewed as deviant or criminal—they may internalize these labels and begin to see themselves as such. This process of internalization can lead individuals to conform to the expectations associated with those labels, thereby affecting their self-concept and actions.
The concept emphasizes the social context in which identities are constructed. Rather than focusing solely on inherent traits or behaviors, labeling theory highlights the importance of societal interaction and perspectives in shaping how individuals view themselves. For instance, someone labeled as a "troublemaker" might start to act out in ways that align with that label, further cementing their identity as such.
In this context, the options regarding legal standards, social integration, and government regulations do not encapsulate the primary focus of labeling theory, which is fundamentally about the social interactions and perceptions that define an individual’s self-identity.