An individual who rejects socially defined goals but continues to adhere to society's means is called a?

The correct identification of an individual who rejects socially defined goals while maintaining adherence to society's means is categorized as a ritualist. In sociological terms, ritualists are individuals who may abandon the pursuit of mainstream success and the associated broader goals, such as wealth or upward mobility, but still follow the accepted rules and norms of society. They engage in the prescribed behaviors and routines, often conforming to societal expectations without seeking to achieve the associated goals.

This concept aligns with the theories developed by sociologist Robert K. Merton in his strain theory, which categorizes individuals' responses to the pressures of societal expectations. Ritualists exemplify a response that maintains conformity to rules and standards, reflecting a sense of commitment to the structural framework of society, despite their lack of ambition to achieve its higher aims.

Understanding this distinction is crucial as it illustrates how individuals navigate societal pressures and norms. The other options refer to different types of responses to societal expectations: rebels actively seek to create new structures, retreatists reject both the means and goals, and innovators pursue socially unacceptable means to achieve traditional goals.