According to functionalism, what do social institutions do?

In the context of functionalism, social institutions are understood to play a crucial role in shaping behavior and maintaining social order. This perspective views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Each social institution—such as family, education, religion, and government—serves essential functions that contribute to the overall functioning of society.

For instance, the education system not only imparts knowledge but also socializes individuals into shared norms and values, thereby reinforcing societal cohesion. Similarly, institutions like family provide emotional support and social stability, while government maintains law and order. Functionalists argue that when these institutions operate effectively, they help prevent chaos and ensure that the needs of society are met.

This understanding contrasts with the other options. Competing for resources implies a more conflict-oriented approach, suggesting that institutions are in competition rather than collaboration. The idea of exploiting individual members leans towards a critical or conflict perspective, which highlights power dynamics and inequality. Lastly, while some social change can occur, functionalism primarily emphasizes stability and the maintenance of the status quo rather than encouraging change.